Case study 3 will perform an integrated approach that covers the spatial (flyway) aspects of chemical exposure to migratory birds. This CS involves an assessment of multiple pollutant residues found in the birds' diet (e.g. earthworms and rice), and in their environment (soil), as well as monitoring biodiversity at different stopover sites. The most abundant pollutants at each location will be prioritised for analysis due to sample volume limitations.

Toxicokinetics of contaminants along the East Atlantic Flyway (EAF) in the migratory black tailed godwit (Limosa limosa) will be quantified and potential sub-lethal impacts assessed. Different major staging places along the EAF in Europe, and potentially extended to parts of the EAF in Africa, will be investigated. The obtained novel insights are valuable for the optimization of habitat quality management for a better conservation of migratory birds. In this case study, we will integrate different regulatory silo’s, e.g. risks for birds and mammals, risks for non-target arthropods/the availability of food for migratory birds, pesticide regulations like REACH (since migratory birds may be exposed to chemicals from different regulatory backgrounds) as well as combining different chemicals.